An introduction to British Celtic coinage


V. The western periphery

The powerful kingdoms north and south of the Thames were surrounded by a broad arc of tribes who were mostly prevented from direct interaction with Roman Gaul, or who deliberately retained a more anti-Roman stance during the last years of their independence. The region from the Dorset coast north to Hereford and Worcestershire was occupied by the Durotriges and the Dobunni.

Uninscribed Dobunni staterThe early Dobunnic coinage was based on the triple-tailed horse stater of the Atrebates, with the addition of a tree-like symbol on the obverse, common to almost all of the succeeding gold coinage. Following the first uninscribed types are a series of inscribed staters, some with associated silver units. It seems likely that Bodvoc or Corio were the first rulers to add their names to the coins, in Bodvoc's case unusually replacing the tree symbol. These two men may have ruled different parts of the Dobunnic territory simultaneously.

Bodvoc stater

Bodvoc and Corio seem to have been succeed by Comux and Catti, and lastly by Anted and Eisv. Their coins are spread widely across the whole of Dobunnic territory, and there is little doubt that one followed the other in authority.

Eisv stater

Bodvoc silverThe silver coinage of the Dobunni is more complex, with Bodvoc again breaking with tradition and placing a bust on the obverse of his coins - perhaps influenced by coins of Tasciovanus, and thus indicating some sort of political alignment with the north Thames kingdom. The earliest uninscribed silver has a distribution at odds with much of the later coinage, being found primarily in the eastern Wiltshire area, and it seems as though a distinct group produced its own coinage in this region, perhaps including the Savernake stater.

Early Dobunnic silverEarly silver unit from eastern Wiltshire

Later Dobunnic silverLater Dobunnic silver unit

Savernake staterSavernake stater

Durotriges silver staterTo the south-west of the Dobunni, the Durotriges produced a very immobilized coinage. The principal denomination was the stater, based closely on the Westerham stater. This type was debased rapidly from good silver with a small percentage of gold, to base silver and eventually bronze. The disappearance of silver from the coinage probably reflects the shift in the dominant trade route through Gaul after Caesar's conquest: the Atlantic coastal route lost out to the Seine/Thames axis between northern France and south-east England, which was so successfully exploited by the north and south Thames kingdoms.

Durotriges bronze stater

Durotriges cast bronzeTrade to and from the south-west continued, however, and it may be in connection with trade that a series of cast bronze coins were produced, probably in the early first century AD. These coins, perhaps produced at Hengistbury Head on the south coast of Dorset, represent the ultimate debasement of the stater of Philip II of Macedon, bearing a simple pattern of dots on each side.

Durotriges quarter staterThe Durotriges also produced a rather more inventive range of silver quarter staters. They were inspired ultimately by the Gallo-Belgic quarter staters perhaps showing a boat, which on these coins gradually faded to create an almost uniface coinage. A separate variety of quarter staters re-established an obverse design, sometimes described as a starfish.

Durotriges starfish

The quarter stater coinage probably ceased shortly before the turn of the millennium, presumably at much the same time as the staters became wholly bronze. The bronze coinage seems to have circulated up to and for some time beyond the invasion of 43 AD.

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